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The term issue voting describes when voters cast their vote in elections based on political issues.〔Denver, 19〕〔Nicholson, 11〕 In the context of an election, issues include "any questions of public policy which have been or are a matter of controversy and are sources of disagreement between political parties.”〔Denver, 20〕 According to the theory of issue voting, voters compare the candidates' respective principles against their own in order to decide for whom to vote.〔Denver, 21〕〔Campbell, 98〕 ==Causes== A voter does not need to have an in-depth understanding of every issue and knowledge of how a candidate stands on every issue, but rather a sense of which candidate they agree with the most.〔Denver, 21〕〔Nicholson, 132〕 Voters use many different tactics to rationalize their view on a particular issue. Some people look at what has happened in the past and predict how they think a particular issue will affect them in the future.〔Denver, 20〕 Issue voting is often contrasted with party voting. A 2010 University of California, Davis study found that voters switch between issue voting and party voting depending on how much information is available to them about a given candidate.〔Highton, 455-458〕 Low-information elections, such as those for congressional candidates, would thus be determined by party voting, whereas presidential elections, which tend to give voters much more information about each candidate, have the potential to be issue-driven.〔Enelow, 217-219〕 Voters typically choose a political party to affiliate with in one of two ways.〔Denver, 20〕 The voter will create an opinion of an issue without consulting what a political party thinks about it, then choose the political party that best fits the opinion they already have, or the voter will study the opinions of the different parties and decide which party he or she agrees with the most.〔Denver, 21〕〔Campbell, 79, 98〕〔Carmines, 78〕 A voter's understanding of parties' principles is strengthened and developed over time as a person gains experience with more political events.〔Denver,21-23〕 In order for an issue to create the foundation for party choice, a voter must first be concerned about a particular issue and have some knowledge about that issue.〔Moore, 245〕 In order for a person to be an issue voter, they must be able to recognize that there is more than one opinion about a particular issue, have formed a solid opinion about it and be able to relate that to a specific political party.〔Moore, 246〕 According to Campbell, only 40 to 60 percent of the informed population even perceives party differences, and can thus partake in party voting.〔Campbell, 104〕 This would suggest that it is common for individuals to develop opinions of issues without the aid of a political party. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Issue voting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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